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Bozhidar Bozhinov
Banking Security – Major Manifestations and Aspects
Summary:
The article aims to explore the challenges facing the banking security at the beginning of the new millennium, with a special emphasis on new manifestations of threats to the orderly functioning of the banking institutions. In this aspect, the research thesis that stands out is that threats to banking security reflect changes in the economic, technological and organizational environment in which commercial banks operate.
Banking security is seen as a commitment of the banking institution to ensure safe storage and management of their own assets and their clients' as-sets and the related information, as well as ensure the physical security and safety of clients and employees in the bank offices. The main aspects of banking security are related to provision of physical safety of bank assets, employees and customers; providing information safety of bank assets, as well as the related to management information; providing economic (financial) security of the banking institution.
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Boyko Petev
TAX FRAUD AS SECURITY THREAT
Summary:
The challenges faced by the EU Member States in the fields of taxation and tax fraud are a topical issue. Its importance stems from several groups of factors, such as changes in public relations, new legislation in the Republic of Bulgaria related to its EU membership, and lack of compre¬hensive research in this field. Moreover, the need for such a research arises from the by Bulgaria’s drastically changed financial and legal relations, which, after more than ten years of the country’s EU membership require an analysis of its experience and the lessons it has learned in the field of its public relations that emerged and developed in the financial system of the Republic of Bulgaria and the threats for its national security as a part of the EU financial system. In some aspects, an attempt has been made to present and interpret them from a new perspective.
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Desislava Koleva Stefanova
THE DYNAMIC TRANSFORMATIONS ON THE LABOUR MARKET IN BULGARIA IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PANDEMIC
Summary:
This article discusses the main transformations which have occurred in the labour market due to the accelerated processes of digitalization throughout the last two years. In their essence, those changes are caused by the fourth industrial revolution and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The research places the emphasis on the necessity of developing “hybrid” forms of employment based on flexibility and security. Special attention is paid to the necessity of investing human capital in an environment of digital technologies and intensive entering of artificial intellect in labour processes.
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Kaloyan Pargov
BULGARIA’S ENERGY BALANCE – A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
Summary:
The Energy Balance is a strategic report which is of crucial importance to national economies. The strategic analysis of the Energy Balance of the Republic of Bulgaria for the period 2006-2020 allows drawing up key trends for determining the priorities for the development of the infrastructure of production, transfer, consumption, intersystem exchange and expanding the share of renewable sources. The research consists of two parts – the first one focuses on the methodology of preparing an Energy Balance as a statistical document with the corresponding evolution characteristics and structural components; the second one includes a verbal and graphic representation of the dynamics of some major components and indicators of the Energy Balance of the Republic of Bulgaria. As a result, we have illustrated the annual rates of change for a fifteen-year period, linear regression equations and coefficients of determination. The article ends by drawing up conclusions of strategic importance for the energy system.
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S. Parusheva
CARD-NOT-PRESENT FRAUD – CHALLENGES AND COUNTERACTIONS
Summary:
Due to the rapid development of electronic commerce, the percentage of card-not-present payments over the Internet and fraud related to these, have increased. The relative importance of card-not-present fraud (CNPF) has increased permanently on a global and European scale mainly due to the gradual solution to problems connected with the protection of card-present transactions through the transition to the EMV chip standard and transfer of fraud to more vulnerable card-not-present transactions in which it is difficult to verify the identity of the cardholder in a reliable way. For the protection of card transactions it is necessary to take adequate measures by introducing common harmonized compulsory minimum security requirements across the EU. First, we propose these requirements to include methods for checking the authentication of users. We consider the 3-D Secure Protocol in a version with dynamic authentication the most suitable method because in the EU many steps towards its implementation have already been made. This is of great importance for the systems used by banks and merchants for the prevention of card-not-present fraud and for detecting and blocking of fraudulent transactions.
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Rousalin Rousalinov
CUSTOMER-CENTRIC APPROACH FOR FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEYS OF PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES
Summary:
The subjects of the study are private security companies. Its object is the leading role of the customer-centric approach for financial and economic justification of the successful functioning and development of private security companies. The research hypothesis is that an objective assessment of the financial and economic aspects and the motivation of individuals and legal entities to purchase protection and security services under the conditions of post-epidemic recovery of the economy can be carried out by means of customer satisfaction and service pricing justification surveys. The aim of this article is to present the results of a customer satisfaction survey and the assessment of the financial and economic aspects as well as the motivation of individuals and legal entities to purchase protection and security services under the conditions of post-epidemic recovery of the economy. Structurally, the article includes three main sections: the first section focuses on the circulation of cash flows of private security companies; the second section presents selected elements of the conducted survey; and the third present an analysis of the survey among private security companies where the protection and security services compete and at the same time complement property insurance services. The survey results (based on a multi-crtieria Likert scale) confirm the validity of the "value for money" concept as an important factor for the pricing of private protection and security services. The survey questionnaire successfully compares the services of non-life insurance companies and the services of protection and security companies. The prevailing opinion is in favour of using the services of specialized companies over taking out insurance policies, with 61% of respondents expressing the opinion that hiring a spåcialized protection and security company is a more effective way to ensure property protection to taking out equivalent insurance with a general insurance company.
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Martin Harizanov
PERSPECTIVE SPATIAL MODEL
FOR SUSTAINABLE REDIVISION INTO REGIONS AND PROVIDING FOR BULGARIA’S REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Summary:
Bearing in mind the process of depopulation of Bulgaria’s North-west region, the planning and further worsening of the socio-economic indicators of the region necessitate taking actions for the redivision of the NUTS 2 regions. The need of differentiating new division into regions is determined by the high degree of the region’s lagging in key socio-economic factors such as: transport infrastructure, demographic characteristics, GDP per capita, average gross salary, etc. The proposed model for division of Bulgaria’s regions preserves in the long run the number of citizens in the level 2 regions set in the normative base and allows the differentiation of five regional centers. This means that in a case of lack of force majeure circumstances in the socio-economic aspect in the country, we can achieve economic integration among the regions and development of regional policy for the purposes of the implementation of financial securing of the development of the lagging regions, which as of this moment, encompass the planned North-west region.
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Miroslav Dimitrov, Anatoly Andreev
SOLUTIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY
Summary:
The article is an attempt for scientific justification and analysis, which aim to determine the role of energy policy for the decisions and prospects for development of the energy sector in terms of its influence, benefits and disadvantages. Therefore, its subject is the policy implemented in the energy sector, which is used as a tool to guarantee energy security. Its object is the European Union as a whole and our country - the Republic of Bulgaria – as one of its member states. To achieve these objectives, the authors have made a retrospective analysis of the principles of energy policy analysing in detail the use of the regulatory means, frameworks and mechanisms as instruments of the energy policy of the EU and the Republic of Bulgaria, which aim to guarantee their energy security.
The main focus is on the effect and effectiveness of the use of such tools from the point of view of the sectoral energy policy in terms of their implementation and impact on the current energy policy, the prospects for guaranteeing energy security, and the overall development of the energy sector.
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Taner Ismailov
Financial Aspects of Implementation of Social Policy in the Republic of Bulgaria During the Period 2000-2015
Summary:
The article studies the state and development trends in the social policy of the Republic of Bulgaria during the period 2000-2015. The significance of this study has been determined by the fact that in accordance with the Consolidated Fiscal Programme, the costs made by the state in order to keep its social policy and compared to its GDP over the same period, have ranged between the considerable 14.35% and 18.39%. During the analysed period the state was striving for expanding the scope and opportunities for development of the social policy. Despite the changes in the economic conjuncture, the amount of funds that have been spent on social protection has been growing, which is an irrefutable evidence of the stable and sustainable social policy of the Republic of Bulgaria.
