Economic Archive

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  GEORGIA–EU TRADE RELATIONS: THE IMPACT OF THE DEEP AND COMPREHENSIVE FREE TRADE AREA ON ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

  This article examines the trade policy of the European Union within the framework of the Association Agreement, with a focus on the European Union's significant role in Georgia's economic integration. It highlights the establishment of a comprehensive free trade area, which has paved the way for Georgia to gradually align with three of the ... This article examines the trade policy of the European Union within the framework of the Association Agreement, with a focus on the European Union's significant role in Georgia's economic integration. It highlights the establishment of a comprehensive free trade area, which has paved the way for Georgia to gradually align with three of the European Union's four internal market freedoms: the free movement of goods, services, and capital. The author assesses the advantages and challenges of this agreement for Georgia, particularly in terms of trade liberalization and the harmonization of Georgia's trade-related legislation with European Union standards. The study also evaluates the trade protection mechanisms in the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area, the criteria for implementing anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures, and their potential impact on Georgia's economic development. The final section of the article underscores the World Trade Organi¬za-tion's pivotal role in Georgia's economic transformation, outlining the prere¬qui-sites for implementing trade safeguards and comparing the functions and fea-tures of the World Trade Organization with those of the Deep and Comprehen¬sive Free Trade Area Agreement. The author concludes that by fulfilling its obli¬gations under the Association Agreement, Georgia can enhance its attracti¬veness to foreign investors, foster state institutional engagement in the transformation process, and achieve successful navigation through this complex economic transition.

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  DEVELOPING A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR THE EFFICIENT AND SCALABLE DELIVERY OF TEMPORARY QUARTERS WHILE ACCOUNTING FOR COMMON-GOOD ECONOMIC FACTORS

  Temporary quarters (TQ) are structured, time-bound arrangements enabling rapid and legitimate crisis response. Beyond shelter, they support so-cial acceptance, transparency, and transitions toward stable long-term condi-tions. Displacement, climate pressure and infrastructure disruption require tools that connect speed, participation and ... Temporary quarters (TQ) are structured, time-bound arrangements enabling rapid and legitimate crisis response. Beyond shelter, they support so-cial acceptance, transparency, and transitions toward stable long-term condi-tions. Displacement, climate pressure and infrastructure disruption require tools that connect speed, participation and accountability. The framework integrates social cost–benefit analysis, social return metrics and multi-criteria evaluation, highlighting digital twins, design-for-disassembly and nature-based protection. The Thailand 2004 case illustrates how combined technical, institutional and ecological measures enhance welfare, equity and resilience while keeping governance transparent.

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  REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN BANK HOUSING LENDING IN BULGARIA

  The subject of research in this article is bank housing lending. Its object is to outline the challenges arising from the existence of regional disparities in housing lending in Bulgaria, the negative consequences stemming from them, and the possibilities for overcoming these problems. The thesis defended in the study is that decisions regarding ... The subject of research in this article is bank housing lending. Its object is to outline the challenges arising from the existence of regional disparities in housing lending in Bulgaria, the negative consequences stemming from them, and the possibilities for overcoming these problems. The thesis defended in the study is that decisions regarding bank housing lending, the terms of the loans and their accessibility are directly dependent on regional economic development, the real estate market, and the demographic situation in the various regions of the country.