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Angel Angelov
TAX AND SOCIAL INSURANCE BURDEN ON LABOUR FORCE
IN BULGARIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Summary:
Labour and labour-generated income are the main objects of taxation in the modern world. This calls into question fiscal policy implementtation with a view to ensuring sustainability of the labour market and achieving sustainable management of state budgets. To regulate the burden borne by labour as a factor of production is of particular importance for the compete¬tiveness of the economy and providing incentives for the economic agents. The current research focuses on an analysis of the burden of tax and social security contributions in Bulgaria for the period 2007-2023 aiming to identify the trends that resulted from the changes made in the tax and social insurance legislation and the effects of these changes on market participants. The research also aims to compare the burden borne by economic agents in Bulgaria and in the other EU member states.
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Dimitar M. Ivanov
MACROECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND RISKS POSED BY THE GLOBAL CORONAVIRUS CRISIS
Summary:
The article presents an analysis of the current global eco¬nomic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The author’s objecttives were to define and discuss the characteristics of the current crisis and its external causes as well as the macroeconomic, financial, institutional and social imbalances in the period after the global financial crisis of 2008 that led to its outbreak. Using this analysis, the author is identifying some longer-term macroeconomic challenges and risks that would deepen and prolong the current crisis as on a global scale as well as in the economies of Europe and Bulgaria. The main thesis to which the author adheres is that although the contemporary crises that occurred in 1929, during the 70s, and in 2008 had typical common characteristics and provided us with valuable lessons to be learnt, each of those crises had its own character and features. Based on this thesis, the article draws attention to the essential critical problems of the global economy in addition to those caused by the coronavirus shock.
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Boyan Iliev
Multiple Peril Risk Insurance of Agricultural Crops – a Myth or Reality
Summary:
The insurance of agricultural crops is a conservative type of insurance. It is quite rarely that radical organizational changes are introduced. Currently, however, conditions dictate the introduction ofthere are the necessary conditions such changes in the Republic of Bulgaria. Modern development of agricultural production is a prerequisite for changing the methodology of this type of insurance so as to adapt it to the demands of agricultural producers. This article develops the thesis that a similar change might be implemented by transforming the liability of insurance companies from a liability related to certain risks and losses to a liability referring to any risks and losses. In other words, it is possible to make the transition to the so-called multiple peril risk insurance.
Multiple peril risk insurance is considered to be a novelty which has only recently been introduced in EU member-states with advanced economies. Therefore, it is the subject of large-scale discussions. The objective is to choose to introduce such an option that will best correspond to the specific features of the agricultural development and traditions in the Republic of Bulgaria and related insurance practice.
