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S. Danylina
Virtuality of Fictitious Capital in Modern Conditions
Summary:
The article discusses "financialization" – the process of transformation of financial capital into fictitious and virtual capital and its separation from the real manufacturing sector. It shows a tremendous growth in the financial sector in the last decades of the 20th century and the beginning of the new century and growing segmentation of financial instruments due to financial innovations, aimed, among other things, at evading government regulations, which increase their influence on the trends in the real and financial sector, leading to the creation of conditions for the emergence of financial crises and financial "bubbles". We study the market of derivative securities, its dynamics and impact on the economy of Ukraine.
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Radka Nenova
Monitoring of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Summary:
The article presents an overview of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in terms of the relationship between climate change and agriculture described in various international and national documents on prevention of climate changes. The levels and rates of change in greenhouse gas emissions by agricultural sources in Bulgaria in the period 1990 – 2012 were analysed and compared to those in the period 1961 – 1989. Based on these analyses the author has made some recommendations about future monitoring procedures.
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Georgi Angelov
A LIQUIDITY ASSESSMENT
OF THE BULGARIAN BANKING SYSTEM (2009–2013)
Summary:
Liquidity is of great significance for the stability of credit institutions and the banking system as a whole. In normal circumstances, the capital adequacy of banks is determined as a key factor for stability. But, during economic crisis, the susceptibility of credit institutions to a shortage of available cash resources in order to cover depositors’ withdrawals is intensified. This directs our attention toward effective liquidity management. Financial cataclysms on a global scale caused by the crisis in the USA during 2007, and the speedy “infection” of the economies of the developed countries showed that gaps in the management of financial institutions can lead to considerable losses on a world-wide scale.
The aim of this study is to assess the liquidity situation of the Bulgarian banking system based on generally accessible (public) information by applying ratio analysis tools. Through the use of key indicators of liquidity assessment, the trends in its development for 2007-2013 are presented. A general assessment of the liquidity situation for banks in Bulgaria is outlined.
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Anna Ivanova
FISCAL CONSOLIDATION: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE AND THE NEED TO IMPLEMENT IT IN UKRAINE
Summary:
The article focuses on the need to implement fiscal consoli¬dation in countries with high levels of public borrowing. It was found out that the level of public debt of the leading countries around the world far exceeds its allowable rate, which is 60% of GDP.
It was found out that fiscal consolidation is a state policy, which aims to balance public finances at the expense of reducing the budget deficit and accumulated debt. Theoretical models of the impact of fiscal consolidation on aggregate demand and aggregate supply are also studied. The major hazards to the implementation of the policy of fiscal consolidation in highly developed and developing countries are outlined. Attention is drawn to the need to im-plement fiscal consolidation in Ukraine, because the level of public debt in 2015 constituted 79.4% of GDP, significantly exceeding the limits of the al-lowable level. Identified are the main problems related to the functioning of public finance sector in Ukraine. Suggested are ways to stabilize public fi-nances in Ukraine.
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Joachim Hentze, Björn Thies
Aims, requirements and standards for reporting the sustainable development of businesses
Summary:
Businesses are not strangers to the idea of sustainable develop¬ment and systematically adhere to the principles of sustainable management. This invariably includes compliance with the requirements and standards for sustainability reports to be disclosed to shareholders and other stakeholders. This article defines the term "sustainable management" and discusses the requirements and standards for reporting of its implementation and results.
