Economic Archive

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  A SYSTEM OF INDICATORS FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY’S EFFECTIVENESS

  This article examines the main characteristics of economic efficiency indicators on a macro-level. Differences between individual efficiency performance indicators at a company level have been indicated; the directions of analysis, the specifics of the indicators construction at a national level and their semantic interpretation have been ... This article examines the main characteristics of economic efficiency indicators on a macro-level. Differences between individual efficiency performance indicators at a company level have been indicated; the directions of analysis, the specifics of the indicators construction at a national level and their semantic interpretation have been described. Two schemes for the decomposition of synthetic indicators of individual resource effectiveness have been developed - labour and capital, as well as the analytical indicators characterizing certain aspects of economic efficiency. On the basis of these schemes, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the three economic sectors of the Bulgarian economy for 2012 has been made.

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  ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY IN BULGARIA IN AN ECONOMIC CRISIS CONTEXT

  In the conditions of economic crisis and decreasing capacity on the part of the business to create and maintain jobs, interest in an active labour market policy in support of employment and human capital through various tools, among which is the National Action Plan for Employment, is increasing. The financial resources for an active labour market ... In the conditions of economic crisis and decreasing capacity on the part of the business to create and maintain jobs, interest in an active labour market policy in support of employment and human capital through various tools, among which is the National Action Plan for Employment, is increasing. The financial resources for an active labour market policy have increased by more than four times since 2009. They have been invested in initiatives for improving people's opportunities for sustainable employment through additional training, for providing support in job-seeking and in starting one’s own business, for employers' incentives to increase their numbers of staff, etc. This study analyses and systematises a range of characteristics of the on-going active labour market policies in Bulgaria in an economic crisis situation and evaluates their more significant sides both in terms of their quantity but also content and structure in the context of the overall develop¬ment of the economy and human capital. The conclusions concern some key features of employment and the labour force, which should be taken into account in the future formulation and implementation of an active labour market policy in Bulgaria.

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  CARD-NOT-PRESENT FRAUD – CHALLENGES AND COUNTERACTIONS

  Due to the rapid development of electronic commerce, the percentage of card-not-present payments over the Internet and fraud related to these, have increased. The relative importance of card-not-present fraud (CNPF) has increased permanently on a global and European scale mainly due to the gradual solution to problems connected with the ... Due to the rapid development of electronic commerce, the percentage of card-not-present payments over the Internet and fraud related to these, have increased. The relative importance of card-not-present fraud (CNPF) has increased permanently on a global and European scale mainly due to the gradual solution to problems connected with the protection of card-present transactions through the transition to the EMV chip standard and transfer of fraud to more vulnerable card-not-present transactions in which it is difficult to verify the identity of the cardholder in a reliable way. For the protection of card transactions it is necessary to take adequate measures by introducing common harmonized compulsory minimum security requirements across the EU. First, we propose these requirements to include methods for checking the authentication of users. We consider the 3-D Secure Protocol in a version with dynamic authentication the most suitable method because in the EU many steps towards its implementation have already been made. This is of great importance for the systems used by banks and merchants for the prevention of card-not-present fraud and for detecting and blocking of fraudulent transactions.