Economic Archive

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  STRUCTURAL CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN GEORGIA’S MEDIA MARKET: KEY PLAYERS, MARKET SCOPE, AND BUSINESS MODELS

  This article examines Georgia’s media market between 2020 and 2025, focusing on (i) key market players, (ii) market scope and revenue dynamics, and (iii) business models and stakeholder dependencies. Using desk research of regulatory statistics, annual advertising market reviews, financial transparency monitoring, and information-environment ... This article examines Georgia’s media market between 2020 and 2025, focusing on (i) key market players, (ii) market scope and revenue dynamics, and (iii) business models and stakeholder dependencies. Using desk research of regulatory statistics, annual advertising market reviews, financial transparency monitoring, and information-environment assessments, the study maps how revenues are concentrated among a limited set of national broadcasters while pluralism is maintained through politically affiliated outlets that rely on non-market financing. The findings show that commercial advertising remains structurally decisive for major broadcasters, yet political spending (especially in election cycles), regulatory enforcement capacity, and donor-supported programs shape incentives and editorial alignment. The period features a pandemic-era shock (2020), a policy-driven advertising contraction connected to restrictions on gambling advertising (2022), revenue recovery with pronoun¬ced gains among pro-government broadcasters (2023), renewed contraction in mid-2024, and a 2025 consolidation signal marked by the closure of a major opposition-leaning channel. The article concludes that Georgia’s media market displays persistent political parallelism and mixed funding logics, producing a high-stakes ecosystem where commercial advertisers, state-linked spending, ownership subsidies, and external donor priorities interact with regulatory constraints to shape competitiveness and journalistic autonomy.

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  DEVELOPING A RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR THE EFFICIENT AND SCALABLE DELIVERY OF TEMPORARY QUARTERS WHILE ACCOUNTING FOR COMMON-GOOD ECONOMIC FACTORS

  Temporary quarters (TQ) are structured, time-bound arrangements enabling rapid and legitimate crisis response. Beyond shelter, they support so-cial acceptance, transparency, and transitions toward stable long-term condi-tions. Displacement, climate pressure and infrastructure disruption require tools that connect speed, participation and ... Temporary quarters (TQ) are structured, time-bound arrangements enabling rapid and legitimate crisis response. Beyond shelter, they support so-cial acceptance, transparency, and transitions toward stable long-term condi-tions. Displacement, climate pressure and infrastructure disruption require tools that connect speed, participation and accountability. The framework integrates social cost–benefit analysis, social return metrics and multi-criteria evaluation, highlighting digital twins, design-for-disassembly and nature-based protection. The Thailand 2004 case illustrates how combined technical, institutional and ecological measures enhance welfare, equity and resilience while keeping governance transparent.

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  REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN BANK HOUSING LENDING IN BULGARIA

  The subject of research in this article is bank housing lending. Its object is to outline the challenges arising from the existence of regional disparities in housing lending in Bulgaria, the negative consequences stemming from them, and the possibilities for overcoming these problems. The thesis defended in the study is that decisions regarding ... The subject of research in this article is bank housing lending. Its object is to outline the challenges arising from the existence of regional disparities in housing lending in Bulgaria, the negative consequences stemming from them, and the possibilities for overcoming these problems. The thesis defended in the study is that decisions regarding bank housing lending, the terms of the loans and their accessibility are directly dependent on regional economic development, the real estate market, and the demographic situation in the various regions of the country.