Economic Archive

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  PROOFS OF SEASONALITY OF BULGARIA’S EXPORT OF CONSUMER GOODS, RAW MATERIALS AND PROCESSED MATERIALS OVER THE PERIOD 2020–2023

  A country’s balance of payments determines the degree of openness of its economy. In our case, it is the ratio of the debit and credit entries in the current account to GDP. Data regarding Bulgaria indicate that during the period of its full membership in the EU, the average annual ratio of its balance of trade to GDP exceeds 110%. This ... A country’s balance of payments determines the degree of openness of its economy. In our case, it is the ratio of the debit and credit entries in the current account to GDP. Data regarding Bulgaria indicate that during the period of its full membership in the EU, the average annual ratio of its balance of trade to GDP exceeds 110%. This categorizes the country as an open-type economy. Simultaneously, an economy which is heavily reliant on both exports and imports is considered extremely susceptible to external shocks and strongly dependent on foreign markets. Accordingly, the study focuses on the export of two leading groups of goods within the current account of the balance of payments: the group of consumer goods and the group of raw and processed materials. The research aims to examine the dynamics of export flows using the method of seasonal projection. The working hypothesis is that due to the effect of various crises (such as the pandemic, the war in Ukraine, spiking energy prices, etc.) and the economic cycle in the agricultural sector, the dynamics of exports of consumer goods and raw and processed materials has seasonal characteristics. The objective is to analyse Bulgaria's exports for the period 2020–2023 on a quarterly basis and to define the trend component, the seasonal component, and the random component with a forecast for 2024.

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  METHODOLOGY FOR MITIGARING ENERGY POVERTY IN BULGARIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

  In the mid-2000s, an increasing number of articles began to address the need for developing modern energy services in developing countries. These publications, in addition to analyzing the lack of physical access to energy services and its consequences, also discussed the financial inaccessibility of these services. Researchers assessed various ... In the mid-2000s, an increasing number of articles began to address the need for developing modern energy services in developing countries. These publications, in addition to analyzing the lack of physical access to energy services and its consequences, also discussed the financial inaccessibility of these services. Researchers assessed various types of energy resources consumed by households across income deciles to highlight income-based disparities. The World Bank raised the issue of financial inaccessibility to energy on an international level, emphasizing its negative effects on people’s health, children’s education, women’s quality of life, and the environment. Energy accessibility was examined within tools aimed at addressing poverty issues, especially among marginalized groups, rural areas, and other underserved communities.

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  A STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF CUSTOMER DEPOSITS AND INVESTMENTS IN FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS IN BULGARIA FOR THE PERIOD 2013–2023

  The globalization of financial markets and the dynamic development of information and communication technologies over the past two decades have become key drivers of significant changes in the financial system. New and increasingly complex financial products and services are emerging, competition among financial institutions is intensifying, and ... The globalization of financial markets and the dynamic development of information and communication technologies over the past two decades have become key drivers of significant changes in the financial system. New and increasingly complex financial products and services are emerging, competition among financial institutions is intensifying, and traditional financial services are becoming digitalised. Many financial products offered today did not even exist a few years ago, and almost all transactions, both at the individual and institutional level, are now conducted electronically at the click of a button. In this environment where there are abundant investment opportunities and simplified access to financial markets, deposits remain the preferred instrument for holding savings. This trend is evident not only in Bulgaria, but also in many other countries. This study focuses on examining deposits and investments in financial instruments in Bulgaria over the period 2013 – 2023.