Economic Archive

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  THE SHADOW ECONOMY AND TAX EVASION – BEHAVIORAL ATTITUDES AND COUNTERMEASURES

  Taxation, corruption, excessive regulations, and ineffective governance stand out as primary drivers behind the emergence of the "shadow economy" (also known as the "grey," "informal," or "unregistered" economy). The prevailing theoretical models suggest that these variables are closely inter¬related and can lead to either a positive or negative ... Taxation, corruption, excessive regulations, and ineffective governance stand out as primary drivers behind the emergence of the "shadow economy" (also known as the "grey," "informal," or "unregistered" economy). The prevailing theoretical models suggest that these variables are closely inter¬related and can lead to either a positive or negative balance. The positive balance is characterized by stable institutions, light regulatory burdens, a broad tax base, often high taxes and revenues, and a small size of the shadow economy. Conversely, the negative balance involves unstable institutions, excessive and burdensome regulation, diverse tax bases, low revenues, and a significant size of the shadow economy. The larger the tax wedge (the difference between the total labour cost and income after taxation), the larger the informal economy becomes. The aim of this study is to present the results of an empirical field research on employer and employee attitudes toward the shadow economy, along with a discussion of effective measures to limit the "grey sector."

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  RISK AND RETURN ON INVESTMENTS IN PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS THROUGH A PROJECT COMPANY AND LOAN FINANCING

  Abstract: The aim of this study is to present in detail the risk, financial, and engineering aspects of investments in photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) based on the most likely scenario for financial and economic development. For investments in PVPPs with a capacity of over 1 MW, the use of the project company approach can be recommended. This ... Abstract: The aim of this study is to present in detail the risk, financial, and engineering aspects of investments in photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) based on the most likely scenario for financial and economic development. For investments in PVPPs with a capacity of over 1 MW, the use of the project company approach can be recommended. This approach pursues two basic goals: (1) the construction of PVPPs with optimal installed capacity and product¬ion parameters; (2) achievement of a projected level of sales and profits. Investments in PVPPs logically bear two groups of risks – systematic and unsystematic. Among these risks, attention should always be paid to the dynamics of price levels in electricity markets, which are key to the financial and economic return on investment. These calculations are also particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when loan financing a project company with high financial leverage.

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  CONVERGENT ECONOMY – A CRITICAL REVIEW OF BULGARIA’S INTEGRATION IN THE EU

  This article was written on the occasion of the presentation of the book Converging Economy by Prof. Garabed Minasyan, DSc, which was organized by the Union of Economists in Bulgaria with the courtesy of the Prof. Minko Rusenov, PhD Foundation. During the discussions, economists from various universities and scientific institutions presented ... This article was written on the occasion of the presentation of the book Converging Economy by Prof. Garabed Minasyan, DSc, which was organized by the Union of Economists in Bulgaria with the courtesy of the Prof. Minko Rusenov, PhD Foundation. During the discussions, economists from various universities and scientific institutions presented their views on the role of economic convergence in the modern development of Bulgaria.