Economic Archive

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  COVID-19 EFFECTS ON TAX GAPS

  The paper examines the issues related to the impact of COVID-19 on tax gaps in Bulgaria. The authors define the various tax gaps in terms of their theoretical, practical and technical grounds as well as unique characteristics. The authors have analysed the dynamics of the gap between the tax and social insurance revenues in the Consolidated Fiscal ... The paper examines the issues related to the impact of COVID-19 on tax gaps in Bulgaria. The authors define the various tax gaps in terms of their theoretical, practical and technical grounds as well as unique characteristics. The authors have analysed the dynamics of the gap between the tax and social insurance revenues in the Consolidated Fiscal Program (CFP) as they “should be” collected and as they “are” collected and prove that it was affected directly by the global COVID-19 pandemic. They justify the need for an innovative approach that would take into account the changed realities and the important role of CFP components for improving the public welfare and the sustainability of our economy. The research subject are tax gaps and its object is the impact of COVID-19 on the difference between the volume of collected and planned revenues from direct taxes, indirect taxes, social security and health insurance contributions in Bulgaria. The general conclusion is that the pandemic, which has lasted for already over a year, has slowed down the economy and hence has a negative affect on tax gaps in our country.

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  FINANCIAL ISSUES AND FUNDING IN THE BULGARIAN BEEKEEPING SECTOR

  The aim of the study is to establish the amount of funding in Bulgarian beekeeping and their trends. The goal is achived through an analysis of the tendencies and the main sources of financial means. The study analyses the financial support from European and national funds (the National Beekeeping Program, the de minimis scheme, the Rural ... The aim of the study is to establish the amount of funding in Bulgarian beekeeping and their trends. The goal is achived through an analysis of the tendencies and the main sources of financial means. The study analyses the financial support from European and national funds (the National Beekeeping Program, the de minimis scheme, the Rural Development Program) for over BGN 18 million and from commercial banks and own sources for over BGN 3 million. Together they form financial markets for over BGN 21 million a year in Bulgarian beekeeping. The European and state financial resources intended for Bulgarian beekeeping from the country's membership in the EU are increasing in absolute terms, but are decreasing relative to the total funds. Bulgarian beekeeping has gained access to additional funding, which is not proportionate in comparison with other sectors. Additional financial support is needed per hive for the ecosystem pollination service in order to ensure biodiversity and food security in the EU. The financing of the Bulgarian beekeeping will continue to grow steadily.

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  MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES – THE BUDGETING FUNCTION

  The significance of the information created through management accounting and its limited use in the management of agricultural enterprises are the main motives for writing this article. We defend the thesis that if budgeting were implemented in agricultural enterprises, this would lead to more efficient management. The purpose of the paper is – ... The significance of the information created through management accounting and its limited use in the management of agricultural enterprises are the main motives for writing this article. We defend the thesis that if budgeting were implemented in agricultural enterprises, this would lead to more efficient management. The purpose of the paper is – on the basis of presenting the relationship between management and accounting – to outline the capacity of the planning and budgeting system for setting management objectives and parameters which acquire various quantitative and qualitative dimensions; this shall be achieved through managerial decisions. We propose a conceptual model of the planning and budgeting system at the agricultural enterprise which shall reflect its specific characteristics and create information for its future development; forecast its financial state, the results of the activity, the cash flows, the changes in the assets and the capital.